Internet Governance: It is the development and application of shared principles, norms, decision making procedures that help in evolution of internet in a way that is becomes more accessible. It is the development and application by the government, the private sector, and civil society in their respective roles.
Telecommunication see the internet of governance through the prism of technical infrastructure. It is also seen from the perspective of freedom of speech and expression, privacy and other basic human rights.
To govern the same and to protect the internet network, the government has made stricter rules and punishments when the same is breached. For crimes like Cyber Terrorism there is imprisonment of life and for crimes like Pornography, imprisonment of 10 years according to the IT Act.
Internet governance is also concerned with Techno Optimism which is about more computers=more education. Using the internet to study and to research can bring the best of students and further help in teaching them. There is also another concern, and that is of Threats, this is related to internet security and protection of children.
Technical Standardisation: There are majorly two issues that which hamper the same;
1. The first issues- These are the essential issues without which the internet and the web cannot exist. There are further 3 layers to this-
a. The telecommunication infrastructure through which all the internet traffic flows.
b. The internet technical standards and services.
c. The content.
2. The second issues- These are related to safeguarding the secure and stable operation of the internet infrastructure including cyber security, encryption, spam.
Telecommunication Infrastructure: The telecommunication layer conveys the Internet Movement, any new direction connected to media transmission which will further unavoidably influence the web as well. The media transmission foundation is controlled at both the national and worldwide levels by an assortment of open and private organization.
The issues-
1. The establishment of technical infrastructure standards.
2. These standards are set by private and professional institutions
3. The certification of WiFi compatible equipment is carried out by the WiFi alliance
TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol
It is the basic technical standard. It further specifies how the data is moved through internet. The suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet. It is a set of rules and procedures. There was a significant change brought in the same-
- Security was not a major concern since then only consisted only a closed network of research institutions.
- With expansion of the internet to the public and it being used a medium for various activities and work, the concern of security emerged.
- Incorporating cyber security brought significant changes.
- Considerable modification required.
Technology, Standards & Policy: To create formal standards the decisions had to be made in accordance with public and not just private institutions. There were a number of conflicts of interests because of the same.
Domain Name System: DNS
It handles the internet addresses and converts them into IP numbers. It consists of root servers, TLD servers and a large number of DNS servers being located around the world. The management of the same has been a heated issue in discussion of internet governance. DNS is based on TLD, Generic and country codes. The protection of Trademarks and Dispute Resolution are an important part of the management. The phenomenon of cyber squatting was also discussed.
Internet Service Providers: It is an organization that provides services for accessing, using or participating in the internet. These are organized in various forms such as commercial, community owned, nonprofit, or privately owned.
- Enforce government regulations
- Primary Institutions
- Antispam Policy
Consumer Protection: To have consumers trust is one of the most important prepositions for the achievement of success in any business, trade or company. The web-based form of all of these is what we discussed in the session. Since e-trade is a new concept, the buyers are not able to know the genuineness of the deal. E-business direction should ensure the customers a treatment of installment of card data, deceiving promoting and the conveyance of faulty items.
Also read - What is Cyber Stalking and Cyber Security?
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